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Vitalik Buterin details zero-knowledge proof framework for social media algorithms in December 2025
On December 15, 2025, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin outlined a framework that uses zero-knowledge proofs to make social media algorithms verifiable without exposing proprietary code or user data. He proposed on-chain timestamps for content and engagement, delayed publication of algorithm code, and the use of layered cryptography, including MPC, FHE, and TEE, for applications such as voting. Buterin's ideas emerge as zero-knowledge rollups secure billions of dollars in value and are increasingly adopted by major financial institutions and stablecoin transactions.